Iconography
- Blood
- Screaming
- Hooded figure
- Vulnerable victim
- Weapon (e.g, knife, gun)
- An attempt to get help
- Focus on one character
- Jump scares
Setting
- A setting that is believable to the audience
(Somewhere considered either safe, like your home, or utterly vulnerable, such as an alley) - At night
- A haunted house
- A dark forest
- An asylum
- A barn/cabin
Style
- Gothic tones (red,black,white,grey colour scheme)
- Pathetic fallacy (e.g, raining to represent a negative mood)
Narrative
- An everyday setting where your fears come true (home alone)
- Sometimes a twist in the plot or a cliffhanger
- Sometime a simple plot to focus on the scaring material
- Disrupting or breaking of the equilibrium
- Sometimes it ends with justice or where all hope is lost
Characters
- Relatable to the target audience of the film
- Victim is vulnerable, therefore usually a female or youthful (a child or teen)
- The villain is stereotypically a male
- The villain is usually either someone anonymous or someone the audience has been introduced to beforehand as a shock/twist
- Sometimes the use of children
Themes
- Growing up
- Relationships
- Good vs. evil
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